Dunning is the methodical process of communicating with customers to collect accounts receivable, often through automated letters, emails, or calls, when payments are overdue. It typically starts with polite reminders, escalating to formal notices regarding failed payments, service suspensions, or legal action to ensure payment recovery.
To recover overdue payments, reduce bad debt, and ensure cash flow for businesses, particularly in subscription-based models.
Key Aspects of the Dunning Process
1. Before Payment Due Date
Send invoice / payment reminders (e.g., 7 days before due date)
Verify payment method is valid
2. On Due Date
Notify customer that payment is due
Offer easy payment options
3. After Payment Failure or Overdue Invoice
1st reminder: Friendly notification
2nd reminder: Stronger reminder with payment link
3rd reminder: Warning of service interruption or late fees
4. Escalation
Suspend service (if applicable)
Transfer to collections team
Engage collection agencies (for severe cases)
5. Resolution
Payment received
Payment plan arranged
Debt written off (if unrecoverable)
Best Practices
Personalized Communication
Instead of generic emails:
- Address customer by name
- Mention invoice number and amount
- Explain consequences clearly
- Offer support if there are issues
Omnichannel Notifications
Use multiple channels:
- SMS
- Mobile app notifications
- Automated phone calls
Smart Retry Logic
For failed card payments:
- Retry at optimal times
- Use card updater services
- Automatically update expired cards
Self-Service Payment Portals
Allow customers to:
- Update payment methods
- Download invoices
- Set up installment plans
- Pay instantly
Latest Trends (2025–2026)
AI-Powered Dunning
AI predicts:
- Which customers are likely to pay
- Best time to send reminders
- Best communication channel
- Probability of churn
Behavioral Segmentation
Different dunning strategies for:
- First-time late payers
- High-value customers
- Chronic late payers
- Enterprise accounts
Predictive Collections
Instead of reacting to missed payments:
- Identify at-risk customers early
- Offer payment plans proactively
- Trigger reminders before failure occurs
Embedded Payments
Customers can pay directly from:
- SMS
- Customer portal - without logging into a separate system.
Customer-Friendly Dunning
Modern companies focus on:
- Retaining customers
- Avoiding aggressive collections
- Preserving brand reputation

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